Control Process Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Organizational Control Process. Answer: Basic investigation of Control Process The control procedure is a ceaseless or on-going hierarchical procedure to screen and assess the exhibitions of the workers. This procedure is the course of the authoritative control that coordinates the representatives for the accomplishment of the hierarchical objectives and targets. The control procedure drives from the key plans and objectives of the association that is installed in the each degree of progressive system. This is a forward looking procedure that is a significant piece of the presentation the executives of the workers (Cliffs Notes, 2016). This article will give a comprehension of the control procedure utilized in the associations by recognizing and examining various advances or components of the control procedure and its commitment to the exhibition the executives of the representatives inside the association. The control procedure is a presentation the executives procedure that includes gathering data about the hierarchical procedures, individuals, gathering of individuals, and frameworks so as to settle on suitable choices about these. This is a useful hierarchical procedure for controlling the exhibitions of the people that emerge from the key plans and objectives. This is surveying and assessing the exhibitions of the procedures, individuals, and frameworks against the built up execution measurements or principles. The control procedure is significant for the associations to coordinate the authoritative HR, procedures, and frameworks to fills in according to set vision, statement of purpose, objectives, values, and vital designs for the accomplishment of the business destinations and targets (Boundless, 2016). This has four stages foundation of principles, estimation of exhibitions, correlation of the exhibitions, and remedial activities. Based on the control ventures, there are five c omponents of the control procedure including setting of the presentation norms, estimating real execution, contrasting real execution and gauges, breaking down deviations, and making restorative move. (Source: Steps in Control Process) Foundation or fixing of the exhibition gauges or measures is the primary component of the control procedure that gives a premise to set the presentation rules or estimations for contrasting and the exercises or execution levels of the hierarchical procedures, frameworks, and workforce or representatives (Griffin, and Moorhead, 2013). These principles are execution measurements or benchmarks that are gotten from the key plans or objectives and will help to quantify the exhibitions of the workers against the set gauges. The norms might be subjective (improving work relations, brand notoriety and altruism, nature of items, and inspiration level of the representatives) and quantitative (cost brought about, income earned, units created and sold, measure of stock, and time taken in performing undertakings). The norms might be unmistakable (clear, solid, explicit, quantifiable, numerical measures, fiscal, physical, or time guidelines) and impalpable (alluring perspectives, high resolve, mor als, and collaboration). The presentation gauges or measurements will quantify the exhibitions of the representatives based on deals targets, creation targets, net benefits, wellbeing records and work participation objectives accomplished or not (Masterson, 2017). The second component of the control procedure includes estimation of the real execution by utilizing the estimation strategies, for example, individual reports, client criticisms, test checking, and individual perception, and relative measurable examination (Reimer and Houmanfar, 2017). The presentation reports, for example, net benefit proportion, obligation turnover proportion, current proportion, and rate of return will be utilized for estimating the exhibition of the workers. The real execution will be estimated against the set presentation gauges for recognizing the deviations or execution holes that will decide if the work or assignments are proceeding the correct way according to vital plans and objectives or not. For instance, the proper reports are set up by the chiefs of the majority of the associations. The subjective exhibition, for example, human relations, representative assurance, client joining in, and administration quality offered will be estimated through the clien t reviews, criticism reports, or mental tests. While, then again, the marketing numbers, numerical studies, oral revealing, criticism reports, and composed reports will be utilized to gauge the quantitative exhibitions of the representatives (Venkatesh, 2015). The third component of this procedure is looking at the genuine presentation of the representatives or people against the normal execution gauges so as to discover the exhibition hole or deviation of the exhibition. Subsequent to checking on and assessing the business numbers, client criticisms and review reports, and individual perceptions, the evaluator or directors distinguish whether the genuine presentation meets, surpasses or miss the mark concerning the exhibition gauges that will decide the variety or contrast as deviation or execution holes (Chand, 2013). Energetic, Budgetary control, Benchmarking, Balance Score Card, Goals-setting, and Management by Objectives are some significant exhibition estimation methods. For ex-the client criticism or study reports will gauge and investigate the client administrations conveyance, quantities of visits, clients taking care of capacity, and consumer loyalty or disappointment. The business numbers or measurable examination will show the degree of benefits, incomes, deals targets, creation yields accomplished that will be contrasted and the set exhibition objectives or targets. The parity scorecard strategy will analyze their exhibitions by giving the evaluations or execution marks on their exhibitions based on set measures (Griffin, Neal, and Parker, 2007). The fourth component of the control procedure is to discover the deviations and reasons for the deviations that will be investigated to embrace the ways for the improvement of execution or adjustment of the territories for development. Out of date hardware, imperfect procedures, disappointment or breakdown of the creation advances and apparatuses, deficient or low quality material utilized, and faulty or negative states of being are significant reasons for deviation. Basic Point Control and Management by Exception are such regions for distinguishing and breaking down the presentation holes or deviations. The deviations might be either positive or negative (Banerjee, 2015). The positive deviation happens when the genuine exhibition is preferable or surpasses over the presentation principles or measures, while the negative deviation happens when the real execution is lower or misses the mark regarding the presentation norms. The little deviations might be overlooked and in inverse to t his, the significant deviations will be tended to and answered to the top administration for taking the restorative activities. The last component of the control procedure is taking the restorative activities and follow-up in the wake of breaking down the deviations and reasons for the deviations. In the event that the deviation or execution holes are little, will be belittled or arranged (iEdu Note, 2016). In inverse to this, in the event that these are higher or surpasses of as far as possible, at that point these will be accounted for to senior administration with the goal that the restorative moves ought to be made by the administration. The restorative activities may incorporate giving better course, inspiration and participative administration, changing society and working techniques, changing execution norms, defining of new objectives and key plans, better preparing, utilization of mechanical progressions and development, wellbeing and security of the work environment, gainful and learning society, Autonomy and adaptability of the working works on, lessening breakdown or disappointment of apparatuses, and normalized authoritative procedures. The restorative activities ought to be even by keeping away from over controlling of the exhibitions (Bratianu and Constantin 2015). In the wake of taking restorative activities, the administration ought to catch up to see if the remedial moves are made or not. The reasons for deviations will be evacuated for guaranteeing better execution against the exhibition norms. In the wake of examining the controlling procedure and its components, it is exhorted for the Australian organizations or MNCs to utilize the control procedure as a device for improving the exhibitions of the authoritative procedures, frameworks, and representatives to the incredible degree (Perkins and Arvinen-Muondo, 2013). So as to make a powerful control process, the organizations ought to decide if the vision, statements of purpose, and destinations will help to decide the objectives and vital components so as to meet the vital objectives. The evaluating the controlling procedures will help to investigate the gracefully chain the board tasks, creation procedures and innovations, adequate assets, correspondence advances, preparing and improvement programs for the viability of the hierarchical working. References Banerjee, A. (2015). 4 Main strides in Control Process in Management. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.preservearticles.com/2012051932638/4-fundamental strides in-charge process-in-management.html. (Gotten to: 6 May 2017). Vast (2016). The control Process. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.boundless.com/the board/ideas/the-control-process-0-7331/. (Gotten to: 6 May 2017). Bratianu and Constantin (2015). Authoritative Knowledge Dynamics: Managing Knowledge Creation, Acquisition, Sharing, and Transformation: Managing Knowledge Creation, Acquisition, Sharing, and Transformation. London: IGI Global. Chand, S. (2013). Administrative Control Process: Its Characteristics, Importance, Techniques and different Details. [Online]. Accessible at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/the board/administrative control-process-its-attributes significance methods and-other-subtleties/5383/. (Acces

Glycogen Storage Disease Essay -- Disease, Disorders

Presentation: Glycogen stockpiling malady is the aftereffect of a deformity in the combination or breakdown of glycogen that is found in muscles, the liver and numerous other cell types. This sickness might be hereditary or gained and is generally brought about by an imperfection in specific compounds that are significant in the digestion of glycogen. Until now, there are 11 distinct orders for glycogen stockpiling infection yet this paper will concentrate on glycogen stockpiling malady type 1 (GSD I), otherwise called von Gierke’s ailment, after the German specialist who found it. GSD I is an acquired autosomal passive issue with the occurrence being 1 of every 100,000. Guardians might be heterozygote transporters, making them asymptomatic, anyway they have a 25% possibility of having a kid that is influenced by GSD I. Pre-birth analysis can be made by finishing a liver biopsy at 18-22 weeks yet no fetal medicines are at present accessible and standard infant screening tests can't distinguish GSD I. Foundation and the study of disease transmission: GSD I is a hereditary sickness coming about because of the inadequacy of the protein glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and glucose-6-phosphate translocase (Andria et al). These specific compounds are significant in empowering the liver to deliver glucose from glycogen and additionally create new glucose by means of gluconeogenesis. The powerlessness of the liver to create glucose from these metabolic pathways can bring about extreme hypoglycemia since the liver is answerable for keeping up blood glucose for the body in times of fasting. The decrease of glycogen breakdown can likewise make the kidneys and liver become developed in light of the fact that abundance glycogen is normally put away inside these two organs. The liver and kidneys can regularly work typically during adolescence, anyway in light of the increas... ...apter 362. Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. Recovered January 21, 2012 from http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=9144477. Medscape, Glycogen Storage Diseases Types I-VII. Recovered at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1116574-review. Moses, S.W. Verifiable higlights and unsolved issues in glycogen stockpiling ailment type 1. European Journal of Pediatrics 2002, 161: S2-S9. Nazir, Z. what's more, Qazi, S.H. Urolithiasis and psoas ulcer in a multi year old kid with type 1 glycogen stockpiling infection. Pedriatric Nephrology 2006, 21: 1772-1775. Wikipedia, the free reference book. Glycogen stockpiling ailment type I. Recovered at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_storage_disease_type_I.

The Changing Role of the Hero in The Red Badge of Courage Essay

The Changing Role of the Hero in The Red Badge of Courage   â â â With Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage, the idea of the chivalrous figure starts to move more distant away from obviously characterized qualities. The possibility of a solitary individual ascending to chivalrously vanquish in any circumstance lost kindness with the changing perspectives on the nineteenth century driving Crane to address as a subject the dilemma of gallantry in an unheroic age (Beaver 67) by making in Henry Fleming a figure both brave and non-courageous across the board. His investigation of the ideas of fortitude and weakness demonstrates them to be inverse sides of a similar coin as confirm in the courageous figure.  â â â â â â â â â â Through Henry's movement in considerations, Crane investigates this changing perspective on the legend. As the book opens, the young [Henry] had accepted that he should be a saint (Crane 50), as he set out as a recently enrolled man. Anticipating the call of his first fight, Henry mirrored that [s]ometimes he slanted to trusting them all saints (Crane 75) in light of on their job as warriors. In any case, when stood up to with the truth of fight, Henry before long saw that [t]here was a particular nonappearance of gallant postures (Crane 86). Attempting to adapt to his own deficiency, Henry ends up continually ailing in correlation with people around him. As they walked along he imagined that legends could discover pardons . . . They could resign with flawless dignity and rationalize to the stars (Crane 123). Walking among those saints injured in fight, they rendered it practically unthinkable for him to see himself in a brave light (Crane 125). Henr y started to surrender that he ought to ever turn into a saint (Crane 126). Be that as it may, through another encounter in fight, Henry got himself funct... ...an of his red identification of weakness known distinctly to him, he earned his red identification of mental fortitude. However, the need of a turn in character to make the last saint is as yet confirm. By indicating the cozy connection between the negative and positive parts of a solitary trademark - for this situation going up against fight with either mental fortitude or weakness - Crane opens the entryway for an unbounded comprehension of what makes a legend by showing that flawlessness is definitely not a fundamental trademark.  Works Cited Beaver, Harold. Stephen Crane: The Hero as Victim. Modern Critical Interpretations: Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage. Ed. Harold Bloom. NY: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 65-74. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Introduction. Pascal Covici, Jr. NY: Penguin Books, 1985. Credy, Edwin H. Stephen Crane. Fire up. Ed. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980.

Saturated Solution Examples

Saturated Solution Examples Saturated Solution In chemistry, research into solutions and the dissolving properties of other substances has led to the understanding that a solution can reach "saturated" status. This means that the solution has reached the level in which no more of the added substance, also known as the solvent, can be dissolved. Chemists know that the solution has reached its saturation when any additional amount of the substance that is added simply remains as a solid precipitate or is released as a gas. Different factors can affect the point at which a solution becomes saturated, such as its temperature or pressure, or the chemical structure of the solvent that is being added. A saturated solution can be made by repeatedly adding the solvent until no more of it dissolves, evaporating a solution until the solute begins to appear as a solid, or introducing something called "seed crystals" to a highly saturated solution. Examples of Saturated Solution: 1. Drinking Beverages One of the most widely seen and possibly widely enjoyed saturated solutions is a carbonated beverage, like soda. The solution, in this case the water that forms the base of the soda, is bombarded with carbon until no more can be introduced, meaning it gives off the excess carbon as gas bubbles. This reaction is also true of any other carbonated beverages like beer or some kinds of "sparkling" fruit juices. 2. In the Kitchen Many recipes call for dissolved sugar, salt, or other household ingredients like powdered beverage mixes that are dissolved in water before drinking. Dissolving sugar or salt in water is dependent on the temperature of the water, as salt will readily dissolve in liquid but sugar dissolves better at hotter temperatures. Once enough of the solvent (the sugar or salt in this case) is introduced into the water to saturate it, the crystals will no longer dissolve but will remain visible, often as a sludge at the bottom of the container that holds the solution. 3. The Soil The Earth's soil is saturated with nitrogen, which is the reason the atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen. Once the soil reached its saturation point, the excess nitrogen was given off as gas and remains in the atmosphere. 4. Bodies of Water Most people understand that the Earth's oceans and some lakes contain salt water, but may not know that there are circumstances that lead to the excess salt building up as a solid. This is true when water levels evaporate and leave behind solid salt crystals; the solid salt shoreline of the Dead Sea is an example of this excess solvent in a saturated solution.

Effective Classroom Policies and Procedures

In order for your classroom to run smoothly you will need to write your own policies and procedures handbook. This handy guide will help you and your students (and parents) know exactly what you expect of them. Here are a few examples of the types of things that you can put into your classroom policies and procedures handbook. Birthdays Birthdays will be celebrated in the classroom. However, in order to ensure the safety of all students in the classroom and throughout the school with life-treating allergies, no food products may be sent in that include peanuts or tree nuts. You may send in non-food items as well such as stickers, pencils, erasers, small grab bags, etc. Book Orders A Scholastic book order flyer will be sent home each month and payments must be received by the date attached to the flyer in order to ensure the order will get out on time. If you wish to place an order online, you will be given a class code to do so. Class DoJo Class DoJo is an online behavior management/classroom communication website. Students will have the opportunity to earn points throughout the day for modeling positive behavior. Each month students can redeem the points earned for various rewards. Parents have the option to download the app which will allow you to receive instant notifications and messages throughout the school day. Communication Building and maintaining a partnership between home and school is essential. Parent communication will be weekly through notes home, emails, a weekly newsletter, on Class Dojo, or on the class website. Fun Friday Each Friday, students who have turned in all their work will earn the chance to participate in â€Å"Fun Friday† activities in our classroom.   A student who has not completed all homework or classwork will not participate, and will go to another classroom to catch up on incomplete assignments. Homework All assigned homework will be sent home in a take-home folder each night. A list of spelling words will be sent home each Monday and will be tested on Friday. Students will also receive a math, language arts, or other homework sheet each night as well. All homework must be turned in the following day unless stated otherwise. There will be no homework on the weekends, only Monday-Thursday. Newsletter Our newsletter will be sent home every Friday.   This newsletter will keep you updated on what is happening at school. You can also find a copy of this newsletter on the class website. Please refer to this newsletter for any weekly and monthly classroom and school-wide information. Parent Volunteers Parent volunteers are always welcome in the classroom, regardless of the age of the students. If parents or family members are interested in helping out on special occasions or would like to donate any school supplies or classroom items, then there will be a sign-up sheet in the classroom, as well as on the classroom website. Reading Logs Reading is an essential and necessary skill to practice each night in order to achieve success in all content areas. Students are expected to read on a daily basis. Each month students will receive a reading log to track the amount of time spent at home reading. Please sign the log each week and it will be collected at the end of the month. You can find this reading log attached to your childs take home folder. Snack Please send in a healthy snack each day with your child. This peanut/tree nut free snack can be anything from goldfish, animal crackers, fruit, or pretzels, to vegetables, veggie sticks, or anything else that you can think of that is healthy and quick. Water Bottles Students are encouraged to bring in a water bottle (filled with only water, not anything else) and keep it at their desk. Students need to be well hydrated in order to remain focused throughout the school day. Website Our class has a website. Many forms can be downloaded from it, and there is much classroom information to be found on it. Please refer to this website for any missed homework assignments, classroom pictures, or any further information.

Things Fall Apart - 913 Words

Things Fall Apart The theme of the book Things Fall Apart, which focuses on the breakdown of a society as well as the main character’s personal breakdown, stems from many conflicts of interests and misunderstandings throughout the book. There is not one single moment in the book where everything falls apart, but many times throughout. In the beginning a lot of problems arise from Okonkwo’s anger problems, and his inability to see other’s views. His ignorance is what ultimately leads to his exile from his clan. It’s not just the fact that he accidently killed a fellow clan member, but many other events that had angered the village. One of the first problems was when he disregarded the week of peace by savagely beating his wife. Wife†¦show more content†¦The only emotion that he ever showed was anger; he hardly ever showed compassion towards those around him, including his three wives or many children. His temper and his longing for respect from tho se around him get him into trouble throughout the book. The first time being when he beat his wife during their week of peace, in which no violence is supposed to take place. Okonkwo makes sacrifices, pays his debt and he feels that all is forgiven; however his pattern of violence continues. He attempts to shoot his wife Ojiubo after she makes a remark about his inability to use his gun, once again giving in to his anger and insecurity. Okonkwo sees compassion as weakness and this drives him to constantly respond to things that upset him with anger. When he is told that Ikemefuna, a young boy who was placed into the care of Okonkwo’s family, is to be killed, he is also told that he must not interfere or take part in the killing. But when it comes time for the boy to be killed Okonkwo is so afraid of looking weak that he himself stabs and kills Ikemefuna. Later in the book, Okonkwo accidently shoots and kills a fellow tribe member, who is a young boy. Okonkwo is then exiled fr om his tribe for seven years, and is overcome with depression because he can never be in a place of power in his tribe. When he realizes that he will never get the respect he deserves Okonkwo fully falls apart and takes his ownShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart910 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Okonkwo Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel about a man in West Africa. It tells about his triumphs and trial ultimately leading to his demise. It explains how the â€Å"white man† came into his country and took over. It show you how the â€Å"white man† mad things fall apart. Okonkwo was a very large and tall man. He had big bushy eyebrows and a huge nose. As stated in Things Fall Apart, â€Å"He was tall and huge, and his bushy eyebrows and wide nose gave him a very severe look (3-4).† He was extremelyRead MoreThings fall apart1057 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection on the novel Things Fall Apart The Idea of Culture in Things Fall Apart The novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe is a story about personal beliefs, customs and also about conflict. There is struggle between family and within culture and it also deals with the concept of culture and the notion of the values and traditions within a culture. The word culture is Latin and means to cultivate. To cultivate has several meanings; it can mean to plow, fertilize, raise and plantRead MoreThings Fall Apart875 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo is a tragic hero in Things Fall Apart Question ( 2 ): Discuss Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is a tragic hero. Answer: In Chinua Achebe’s novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw ‘hamartia’ and experiences a dramatic reversal ‘peripeteia’, as well as an intense moment of recognition ‘anagnorisis’. Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo communityRead MoreThings Fall Apart977 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferently by two different readers? Things Fall Apart Language and Literature Things fall apart is a novel written by Chinua Achebe. It is set during the late 19th, early 20th century in a small village named Umuofia situated in Nigeria. This time period is important because it was a period in colonial history when the British were increasing their influence economic, cultural, and political influence in Africa. The novel deals with the rise and fall of Okonkwo, a man from the village ofRead MoreThings Fall Apart818 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish oral presentation Cultural strengths of the Ibo society before the invasion of the colons. The novel Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe describes the social and cultural traits of a culture based on the principles of labor and masculinity, conformity and kinship and finally on solid juridical system. The worth of a man was measured by his strength and the amount of work he could accomplish and how efficiently feed his family, the concepts of masculinity is strictly related withRead MoreThings Fall Apart2539 Words   |  11 PagesSociety (Things Fall Apart) Women are often thought of as the weaker, more vulnerable of the two sexes. Thus, women’s roles in literature are often subdued and subordinate. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, women are repressed by an entrenched structure of the social repression. Women suffer great losses in this novel but, also in certain circumstances, hold tremendous power. Achebe provides progressively changing attitudes towards women’s role. At first glance, the women in Things Fall Apart mayRead More Things Fall Apart Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart shows an odd similarity between the cultures of Ancient Greece and the Lower Niger. Despite the fact that two societies can exist during different periods of time and have conflicting cultural values, their stories and behavior can have surprising overlaps. Things Fall Apart is structured like a Greek Tragedy in its use of a chorus and in the presence of a tragic hero whose actions ultimately lead to his downfall. The Egwugwu from Things Fall Apart act like the chorusRead More Things Fall Apart Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesThings Fall Apart Opposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. Brown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and respectful man. Not to say that Reverend James Smith was not, but his degree of kindness and respect were present in a whole different level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and â€Å"trod softly on his faith,† (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how thingsRead MoreSummary Of Things Fall Apart 716 Words   |  3 PagesJory Alkhudair Mr. Meister English 10th 26 October 2017 Things Fall Apart I am writing about Ekwefi , Okonkwo’s second wife, and who was once the village beauty. Ekwefi is also the mother of Ezinma , Okonkwo’s only daughter . Ezinma is her only surviving child, her other nine died in infancy. Ekwefi constantly fears that she will lose Ezinma too. The festival was only three days away. We were scrubbing the walls and the huts with red earthRead MoreColonialism In Things Fall Apart1824 Words   |  8 Pageswritten by Chinua Achebe which shows the main theme of the novel Things Fall Apart, and even represents the theme within the article, â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule†. There are many cultures with different values or practices that might seem obscure to one group but normal to another, therefore no one can determine what culture is wrong or right, but it s up to society to determine the best way of life. The novel Things Fall Apart and the article â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule† examine two different

Dangers of Monopolies and Large Corporations free essay sample

Monopolies have the potential to employ massive amounts of workers, and the potential to cause wide spread economic damage when they fail. Are these rewards worth the systemic risk to our economy, and every day life? American history is littered monopolies and large corporations that have caused, recessions, depressions, market crashes and economic uncertainty in the wake of their collapses. Monopolies also limit diversification to both consumers and to the marketplace in general, due to the nature that they would be the majority the market anyway. Monopolies also reduce competiveness and innovations in the economy. Regardless of the industry the monopoly is in, the monopoly would also expose that industry to destabilization if it were to ever fail. Government deregulation of monopolies and major corporations further compounds the negative affects of monopolies when they fail. The effects of large corporations failing has most recently been felt in the past decade, with the both the internet bubble and the current financial crisis. We will write a custom essay sample on Dangers of Monopolies and Large Corporations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the first instances in American history where a monopoly caused a large scale economic downturn was the Panic of 1893. These economic disasters take years if not decades to recover from. Americas Earliest Economic Crisis’s Perhaps the earliest recorded economic crisis in America, even with the invention of railroads in the late 1800s, was the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of 1893, were two major depressions. The Panic of 1873 began after the Civil War, during President Grant’s administration. Grant’s policy of contracting the money supply was a key component to the start of the Panic. It made money scarcer while business was expanding. The Panic of 1873 also became known as the Long Depression. In 1877, wage cuts and unemployment cause workers to strike, but the tension lifted in 1879. This panic created a gilded effect because, to the outside world, the America was a prospering nation. The Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869, up to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad and afterwards the railroad industry was booming. Because of the speculation bubble in the railroad industry, this led to riskier and riskier investments in railroads. Because of the larger investments made into the railroad industry, many of railroad companies over build and over extended what they could maintain. This over extension by the railroad industry caused the railroads to default on their debits to banks. These same banks that had invested so heavily in the railroads could not pay their own expenses causing the banks themselves to default and fail. The bank failings thus caused The Panic of 1893 that another major depression at the very end of the century. As the banks failed across the country due to the railroad defaults, banks that were not connected to the railroad crisis experienced â€Å"Run on the banks† which also caused banks to fail. The run on the banks began when too many people attempted to redeem their silver for gold, which the banks no longer had. Businesses could not afford to slow down production during the Panic, so they continued to keep their prices high, but the people didn’t have access to the scarce money. Not only were businesses charging high prices, but also the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad went bankrupt, causing less modes of transportation for workers and farmers. In total, over 15,000 companies went bankrupt during the Panic and the unemployment was the highest in history, double digits for 6 years. Because of the high unemployment labor unions were also created during this time to help worker keep their jobs. The American economy did not show signs of recovery till 1900, this recovery in itself was its own speculative bubble the Klondike Gold Rush. People were injured, unemployed, killed, and bankrupted and with the Panics of 1873 and 1893, the United States economy suffered greatly. Over a hundred and ten years later the railroad industry has never fully recovered, today the vast majority of the industry is owned by two companies. These two companies do not offer any consumer transportation, and have bought any smaller competitors. America’s most resent crisis and now the worlds America’s most resent crisis was the global financial crisis that started in 2008. It began with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers on September 14, 2008 and it spread like a flood through financial markets. At first the U. S banking sector had a great fall in liquidity, with this contraction in commercial lending banks could not pay their expenses. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. This crisis was further compounded because the majority of the banking industry in the united states was is managed by four banks. These banks are referred to as the â€Å"Big Four† them being: Bank of America, Welles Fargo, CitiGroup and JPMorgan Chase. These four banks managed 39% of the entire banking market in the U. S. , because they manage such a large amount they have been deemed â€Å"Too big to fail†. The 2008 global financial crisis is essentially three interrelated financial crises; subprime lending crisis, housing crisis and the contraction of commercial lending within the banking industry. The Subprime mortgage crisis is an ongoing financial crisis characterized by contracted liquidity in global credit markets and banking systems. A downturn in the housing market of the United States, risky practices in lending and borrowing, and excessive individual and corporate debt levels have caused multiple adverse effects on the world economy. The crisis, which has roots in the closing years of the 20th century but has become more apparent throughout 2007 and 2008, has passed through various stages exposing pervasive weaknesses in the global financial system and regulatory framework. The main reason the subprime mortgage crisis happened is because credit was too available, and that was taken advantage of and credit balances exploded. Because of high housing inventories in 2006, and available credit, and the boom and bust in the housing market Americans spent $800 billion per year more than they earned. Household debt grew from $680 billion in 1974 to $14 trillion in 2008, with the total doubling since 2001. During 2008, the average U. S. household owned 13 credit cards, and 40 percent of them carried a balance, up from 6 percent in 1970. At beginning of summer of 2006 surplus inventory of homes, causing home prices to decline significantly. Declining price attract people with the easy loan facilities of their banks. These people that were attracted to these homes were considered â€Å"subprime† or not considered idea candidates for a home loan. People who fell into this category either had a bad or low credit rating, bad credit repayment history and people who did not have a high enough income to support the loan.

Robinson Crusoe Essays (523 words) - English-language Films

Robinson Crusoe The young Robinson Crusoe has a great desire to go to sea. His desire is so strong that it overrides all his other feelings. Neither his father's refusal nor the disapproval of friends influences him against a life on the sea. At his first opportunity, Crusoe runs away to pursue a life of adventure. He joins with a friend whose father owns a ship and soon sets sail. The trip proves to be a disaster. The young Crusoe displays a vacillating nature. When danger or disaster is near, he is repentant for his rebelliousness, but the minute the situation improves, he goes back to his old ways. He is given repeated chances to live his life differently, but he is not yet spiritually strong enough to resist temptation. His first profitable trading voyage makes him into a greedy man. As punishment for his greed, he is captured and made a slave in Sallee. When he escapes, he goes to Brazil, where he settles down and prospers; Crusoe, however, is still not satisfied. He seizes he first opportunity he gets to make more money, even though it is through the immoral occupation of slave trading. As punishment for this greed, he becomes the lone survivor of a shipwreck and is marooned on a deserted island. On the island, Crusoe is transformed. At first, he constantly wavers between despair and hope and then settles down to an everyday existence on the island. He tries to make up for his past sins with hard work and enterprise. However, industry and productivity can never take the place of genuine repentance. Finally, during his illness, when he is totally helpless for the first time in his life, he reaches out to God and begs for help and forgiveness. As always, God hears his prayer and will, in His own time, save Crusoe. After recovering from his illness, Crusoe begins to progress morally. He begins to depend on God and read the Bible. His life on the island becomes the triumph of the human spirit. Often, when disaster strikes, his old nature temporarily surfaces, but the change in him is too profound for his old self to pose a real threat. When he saves Friday, his life on the island changes dramatically. He welcomes a companion, even a savage, and quickly converts this native culturally -- dressing him in proper clothes, feeding him cooked meat, naming him with a British name, and teaching him English. He also converts him to Christianity, and in the process strengthens his own faith. Crusoe further shows he is a changed man when he refuses to judge the savages, acknowledging that only God can judge. Crusoe also deals justly with the Englishmen he later encounters on the island, sparing the lives of all that he can. When he realizes his deliverance is at hand, he gives the credit of his survival and rescue to God, humbly refusing to take credit for himself. When he returns to England and learns how rich he is, he shares with both family and friends. Crusoe has truly matured into a wise, humble, kind, and generous man. English Essays

The Death Of Dreams English Literature Essay Essays

The Death Of Dreams English Literature Essay Essays The Death Of Dreams English Literature Essay Essay The Death Of Dreams English Literature Essay Essay his every moves show the desire to go the certain figure. So this playing makes him so unnatural and unreal. When Nick met Gatsby at the first clip, this clumsiness showed. Sometime before he introduced himself I d acquire a strong feeling that he was picking his words with attention ( 40 ) And when Gatsby confess his yesteryear to Nick which was perfectly non-sense, his words are unnatural. Nick says he looked at me sideways-and I knew why Jordan Baker had believed he was lying. He hurried the stage educated at Oxford or swallowed it, or chocked on it, as though it had bothered him before. And with this uncertainty, his whole statement fell to pieces, and I wondered if there was nt something sinister about him after all. ( 42 ) The confession was all prevarication, and Gatsby was non good at lying which makes Nick to detect at the early topographic point. After Nick know the truth that Jay Gatsby was invented by James Gats. So if was James Gats, at least true relationship with Nick was possible and they will portion personal connexion. However, as it was Jay Gatsby which was merely semblance of James Gats, the true relationship was neer built. Furthermore, non merely the relationship with other character but besides the relationship with his true and merely love, Daisy was built on the sham. Though Gatsby attempts to convert others that everything he does is for Daisy and he is ever willing to give himself for her. However, this loving relationship is besides built on his bogus belief. He convinced himself that he love Daisy, but what he truly love is non Daisy, merely an semblance of Daisy. So, the true trust and love could nt do between him and her. 4. Social Background 4.1 America in 1920s 4.1.1 Blooming of philistinism. Horton says that the driving force of America to develop modern civilisation is Idealism and Materialism. Harmonizing to the former ( Turner ) , the greatest individual factor in finding the character of American life has been the democratising consequence of a continually spread outing frontier. The chance of chance for all caused the United States to drive due west, and this enlargement brought the innovator into contact with a crude environment which, while promoting individuality, at the same clip had a grading consequence which tended to wipe out differentiation of birth, societal position and instruction. ( Horton A ; Edward 3 ) Turner argue that in The significance of the Frontier in American history , Frontier of America get and individuality, optimism and idealism in the manner of developing west. In this sense, philistinism was non used in negative signifier in the first topographic point. This was of course followed by infinite opportunity in the land of chance. The one great motive to develop West was made from the belief that as they work, they will acquire. This is the basic thought of philistinism in the first topographic point. However, as clip changed, philistinism became in corrupted manner that merely prosecute affluent life. In the 1920s in the America, which is the chief background of The great Gatsby was the extremum of this philistinism. All significance of the American dream turns into useless and people in this period merely desire to derive more and more wealth. Arthur Mazener describes this period like this. The mid-twentiess were a cockamamie, happy age when everyone was busy get drunk in speakeasies or out of silver-lasks at Yale-Princeton game in the Bowl, or dancing to the pretentiously bad Jazz of Paul Whiteman and George Olson, though no one of any intelligence in the period itself took this facet of its life earnestly ( Mizner 5 ) This cockamamie life of royal household appears in the great Gatsby, particularly when Nick describes about epicurean parties that Gatsby clasp. Not merely the royal people, people in the in-between category of the West besides has this philistinism in their head though they are difficult to accomplish their dream in world. But attempt to copy upper category behaviour is shown by Mrs. Myrtle. A desire of Myrtle to go one like upper category can be shown in the manner she display her flat. The flat was on the top floor-a little dining room, a little sleeping room, and a bath. The life room was crowded to the doors with a set of tape-stried furniture wholly excessively big for it, so that to travel approximately was to stumble continuously over scene of ladies singing in the gardens of Versailles. ( 25 ) Mrs. Myrtle is a adult female who has an matter with Tom Buchanan who is hubby of Daisy. Mrs. Myrtle is from low category whose hubby runs little auto fix store. However, she has great aspiration to travel upper category someday. And this dream makes her to copy upper category where Tom lives, though her circumstance is non a ppropriate to hers. She wants to go hostess like Daisy, and throw party in really little flat. Though there s non adequate topographic points, she keep purchasing excessively big furniture for her flat. Furthermore, when she has party, she invites so many people that there s no topographic point to even stand in her topographic point. These acts show the desire of Mrs. Myrtle to go upper category. 4.1.2 Corruptness of American dream Over the centuries, many immigrants from Europe escaped their state for free and happy lives. They ran from their place from political and the spiritual favoritism which does non the job in the new world-America. They could be whoever they wanted to be in the new universe. In the land of the chance, they can re-start their life. As they work, as they get. This makes the basic thought of American Dream in the first topographic point. The American Dream is a national truth of the United States, which can continue societal mobility by single. In the other words, they can derive affluent and comfy life through difficult working. In the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with chance for each harmonizing to ability or accomplishment . However, this American dream acquiring changed after America got through World War 1 and 2. Young American merrily get involved in war under the great mean that as the new experience and romantic chance to demo his encourage. However, world was different. As they gone through the barbarian and barbarous war, they come back to their state depressed with sorrow. Those who went through dejecting war started to bask their life with excessive ingestion. At that clip, economic system was roar, and American does nt necessitate to worry about pecuniary job. They get whatever they want. This lead to people stuck into convenience and felicity to philistinism. They enjoyed the life that stuff can give. The Great Gatsby shows this corrupted philistinism which can be shown in every category of society. Lower category yearns to hold wealth, yet those who already have wealth and position are unhappy and dissatisfied with their lives. In the novel, the elitist group displays features of being bored and unmotivated merely like a dead organic structure. The first scene that Nick went into the Tom s house shows the deficiency of energy in upper category. The merely wholly stationary object in the room was an tremendous sofa on which two immature adult female were buoyed up as though upon an anchored balloon. They were both white and their frocks were rending and fliting as if they had merely been blown back in after a short flight around the house. ( 10 ) Daisy and Miss Backer were in the white frock and were motionless. No energy is found in them. Daisy easy acquire bored and seek to happen new thing which lead Tom and Nick go to New York sometimes, but ever they failed to happen exciti ng experience and verve. However, compare to this upper category people, Mrs. Myrtle described as the adult female with verve. Gatsby devoted his life into belonging to the sole group, but he approved that his life was unhappy by killing himself. So, though upper category has everything they want, they neer get happy but acquire bored with morally corrupted atmosphere. Willy besides lived in the period when the significance of American dream changed as A limitless desire of material wealth . He adds more value on that which is the popularity. For him, American dream besides means being a celebrated figure in the society. This is non the profound job that should be defined as corrupted dream. However the chief ground that his dream defined as corrupted American dream is that the ground of accomplishing his dream is driven non from his inner head but from others. He merely wants to demo off his popularity and wealth to others and acquire satisfaction by comparing them to himself. Furthermore, He justifies what he does to accomplish his end. He neglects his life of boy, how they think and which life they want to populate were non the affair for Loman. He destroys the religion for his married woman by holding matter with secretary. All the immoral things he made were justified by his strong belief of dream. 4.2 Hierarchy in society- Invisible wall to travel upper category American ever represented as the universe of freedom, the society with tremendous chance. However this is non ever true when you look deep inside it. The great Gatsby and decease of a salesman shows the bound of traveling upper category, there s unseeable war that makes people to travel upper degree. Willy spends his life clip to acquire affluent and popular. Traveling upper degree was his life-longed dream. The tragic terminal comes from the fact that he was merely a common adult male. Harmonizing to Joseph Odd Hruth, the tragic destiny of Willy was made by the society. Willy Loman is the victim of an unfair competitory society. He was foremost corrupted by the false ideals and so exploited by those more pitiless than he. Society made him what he was and in a better society his destiny would hold been better ( Joseph 328 ) This is the mistake of Willy small, and the existent ground why he failed can be blamed that of the society. System of society is non appropriate for Willy to accomplish his dream. There s a certain restriction for him to travel upper, and this makes Willy s life wretchedness. Miller argues that tragic affair occurs, because of that fact that Willy was merely a common adult male. I believe that the common adult male is as disposed topic for calamity in its highest sense as male monarchs were. On the face of it this ought to be obvious in the visible radiation of modern psychopathology, which bases its analysis upon authoritative preparation, such as the Oedipus and Orestes composites, for cases, which were enacted by royal Begins but which apply to everyone in similar emotional state of affairs. ( Miller 1 ) Miller thinks the factor that makes him the tragic hero is societal background of him which makes difficult to common adult male to mount the ladder. In the Death of a salesman, Willy do anything to go successful salesman. He become immoral as he become more like a successful salesman in his filed. He starts to hold inappropriate relationship with secretary. Social success leads him to moral corruptness. However, though he devoted his life into mounting societal ladder to travel upper degree, he failed. There s unseeable war above his manner in this societal ladder. This defeat makes him so depressed that he had no pick but putting to death himself. The Great Gatsby shows the unseeable wall to travel upper category in society by demoing Mrs. Myrtle life and that of Gatsby. Gatsby and Mrs. Myrtle has in common that they both from working category but hankering to belong upper category. And they besides found some to take them to upper universe, for Gatsby that cat is Wolfsheim who made him rich. Mrs. Myrtle besides found Tom who can assist her to travel upper category, nevertheless, she failed to accomplish that end. The attempt of lower category to travel upper but punished by society is clearly shown in the life of Mrs. Myrtle. She lives in vale of ashes where represent of poorness. She was besides secret lover of Tom. This lady attempts to utilize Tom to do her belong to his societal statue. Though she now lives with hubby who does nt hold any power or energy in himself, she possesses verve. Unfortunately for her, she chooses Tom, who treats her as a mere object of his desire. Tom was attracted by her in physical manner and love ca nt be shown between them. There s all about desire, desire of Myrtle to travel upper category by Tom s wealth and desire of Tom to hold her organic structure. As Myrtle want better life and attempts to acquire wealth, she eventually die of the auto accident which Daisy was thrusts. In this scene, a clear deduction can be found. Daisy who represents the lady in the upper category prevents Myrtle to acquire into her category. So Myrtle s verve and energy ca nt be used to acquire into upper category. This defeat of dream is shown in the description of Myrtle s decease organic structure. The oral cavity was broad unfastened and ripped a small at the corners, as though she had chocked a small in giving up the enormous verve, she had stored so long ( 108 ) Though individual in the low category slightly achieve his dream, there s still strong restriction that he can be entirely become the portion of upper category. This is shown by Gatsby s instance. He achieves wealth by himself and now he can afford to hold the most epicurean party in the town. However, he ca nt affect in royal category. Peoples who invited into his party ever look down on him and has suspicious of his wealth. Even before Gatsby turns out to make illegal concern to gain money, Tom and other invitees of Gatsby s party ever susurrations about his wealth and background. Furthermore, the topographic point where Gatsby live and apparels he wears shows the clumsiness to go the elect category. He wears excessively dressy suits and colourful apparels which Tom normally makes merriment of. Ann though Gatsby ain tonss of old-timer books which were perfectly existent one, these are clean and orderly like no 1 of all time touched before. This shows that though he imitates behaviours of category he want to belong, he got leery of his individuality. Finally, every his secret is revealed, people around him apart, and even the love of his life ran off from him. Daisy who represents of his desire to travel upper category ran off to her universe, and Gatsby lost everything including her and his dream. So last thing he made was merely decease. 5. Why American dream failed? Death of a salesman and The Great Gatsby shows the corruptness of American dream in early 20th by demoing two ordinary men- Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman. Both are victims of society which has unseeable but clear wall to forbid them to accomplish their dream. Though first thing to fault their failure of accomplishing dream goes to the corrupted society, characters themselves besides have job. Gatsby and Willy misunderstood significance of American dream. Gatsby says all his attempts are made to hold his loving lady Daisy, which turns out the faith belief of him. He merely wants to warrant all the immoral behaviours he made to acquire rich by concealing romantic narrative. He even deceives himself that Daisy is the lone one intent which lead him to hold false belief that Daisy besides waited for him to salvage her from Tom s universe. This is perfectly non true, and after recognizing this belief was false, Gatsby has no longer ground to populate. Willy besides has incorrect thought of American dream, for him American dream is all about acquiring rich and popular. This mistake makes his life wretchedness. He ca nt acquire satisfaction from his ordinary life and happen felicity from his household. Family was mere object to fulfill his dream for Willy. And this thought finally made all the struggles between him and his boies, and eventually leads him to kill himself. As lone thing he has was this false belief, he tries to convert himself that though he is non profitable, he is still popular among other. However, this belief turns out non true at the terminal of the scene that there s no 1 came to his funeral. So, to reply the inquiry I made in the first portion of this study, Why these work forces failed to accomplish their American dream , two facets need to be considered. Their failure was consequence of corrupted society which neer allows them to accomplish their dream and distorted thought of American dream of these work forces. Work cited A. Primary Beginnings F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Charles Scribner s Sons, April 10 1925. Print Arthur Miller, Death of a salesman, Morosco Theatre New York City, 10 February 1949 B. Secondary Beginnings Moon Sun-Jung. Death of a Salesman and Modern Tragedy: Revisited ( 2005 ) . Surveies on English Language A ; Literature, P5 Rod W. Horton and Herbert N. Edwards ( 1967 ) , Backgrounds of American Literary Thought, P3 Arthue Mizner, Introduction in F. Scott Fitzerald: A aggregation of Critical Essay, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1963, P5 Joseph Wood Krutch, The American Drama Since World War 2, New York: George Braziller, 1978, P 328 Arthur Miller, Tragedy and the common adult male, New York Times, 1949 Fen 27, Chapter 2 P1

Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism - Assignment Example The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), or the Tamil Tigers are known to be the pioneers of suicide bombing, yet, they are seen as ‘liberators’ by local Tamils. Thus, the answer to whether the Tamil Tigers are terrorists or not is a complicated one that is dependent on subjective, biased analysis of power politics of Sri Lanka. 2) In the aftermath of the attack on the World Trade Center, the question of terrorism as a justifiable means to achieving liberation has been hotly debated within the United States of America. While many believe that terrorism, an act of harm, can never justify a quest for national freedom, there are also arguments that see terrorism as understandable under certain circumstances. The use of violence in Apartheid South Africa, in pre partition India and during the Iranian revolution, for example, has given voice to social, political and religious demands. Even so, the major drawback of acts of violence is that they affect everyone without dis crimination (Saul). A bomb blast in a shopping market may put pressure on the government, but the ones who are directly affected, injured or killed in the attack suffer regardless of their political alignment. The injustice of terrorism taints its legitimacy, and makes it an undesirable means to achieving a noble goal. 3) Faith-based natural law is justified by religious extremists in the modern world since they see their faith as the ‘one true way’ for eternal salvation (Wallis). All those believing in the truth are perceived as virtuous men while all ‘disbelievers’ are seen as worthy of violent punishment for disobeying the Divine Word. The problem with such an approach lies in the fact that there is not one religion that claims monopoly of the truth, but many religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Hinduism are part of a grand tug of war of what the true faith is (Aslan). As a result, innocent lives are put at stake by religious extremists who find legitimacy for their violent acts in religious scriptures. However, examples from history and modern day extremism give us evidence of how faith-based natural law is used to achieve political ends. Religious zealotry and fanaticism is used to power economically and politically motivated agendas. Faith-based natural law therefore does not serve to justify violent acts committed against innocent people. 4) Projected trends for the future of faith-based terrorism can be explained through the help of a five pronged model. First, there is a need to establish that in today’s world of sophisticated communication methods, the spread of extremist religious propaganda is inevitable. Not only is the World Wide Web an easy platform for religious groups to spread their thoughts and ideologies amongst everyone, television and print media also play a crucial role in popularizing support for such groups. Secondly, in the wake of the US war against Iraq, a CIA report for 2005 has rev ealed that a â€Å"new generation of Islamist Extremists† (Martin, 153) has been created, which poses serious threat to future world security. Thirdly, Al Qaeda has evolved into a symbolic representation, which continues to influence thoughts, along with, fourthly, the globalization of the Jihadi movement. Lastly, religious extremism is strongly present and growing within the Christian thought,

Ethical Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethical Decision Making - Case Study Example Obtaining the sample documents for purposes of checking for quality control may be justified as a means of enhancing performance, but it must be done transparently with full awareness of those affected by the exercise. Poor quality found in this case could not be used for disciplinary purposes because the manner in which it was obtained failed to guarantee the protection of the employees. It is only legally acquired information can be used to initiate disciplinary action (Kaupins & Park 82). Since the information is acquired outside working hours and without the consent of the people rightfully given access ownership of the hard drives, it is may not be considered legal. However, it could and should be used for training purposes to avoid the repetition of poor quality work. Applying PAPA to this situation, the violation of privacy is seen to be evident because the manager did not use his position to ensure there are safeguards in place to protect the employees and the information on their computer accounts. According to the provisions of PAPA, the employees have a right to be protected from information gathering and intrusion by others (Pearlson and Sanders 18). Further, they were not given the opportunity to exercise choice and select the level to which their information could be accessed. If the low quality work was attributed to data accuracy, it is the manager’s responsibility to establish controls that ensure accuracy. If that had been done earlier, the low quality work could not have gone on for months as the case study shows. That means the manager failed to ensure it was kept up-to-date. The information on the employees’ hard drives is the property of the clients and the organization. Therefore, the manager must also follow the pr ocedures in place because as much as he is in charge of office automation, he does not own or have exclusive

American Interventions Since World War Ii Essay Example for Free

American Interventions Since World War Ii Essay Since 1940, the United States has a long history of foreign interventions, long since leaving behind its former isolationism. Its motives have included the urge to fight fascist aggression, the desire to contain communism’s spread (and protect American economic interests), and preserving American access to plentiful Middle Eastern oil. Before December 1941, much of the American public favored isolation from world affairs, especially in the wake of World War I, to many a pointless conflict. However, others looked warily at the spread of fascism and militarism in Europe and eastern Asia. President Franklin Roosevelt believed by 1938 that the conflict would eventually draw in the United States, and he wanted to assist the United Kingdom in its war against Germany (which it fought with virtually no help beyond American aid programs like Lend-Lease). Roosevelt, aware that many Americans were wary of another futile war, framed the conflict in moral terms, presenting Hitler’s fascism and Japan’s militarism as evils that needed eradication by the forces of democracy. He cautiously began preparing the nation for war by expanding the armed forces and defense economy, aiding the British, and imposing embargoes on oil and metal sales to Japan, vainly hoping that Japan’s military-run government would desist from its aggressive expansion throughout eastern Asia. The Cold War began almost immediately after World War II, giving the United States no real opportunity to revert to isolationism. By mid-1945, the Soviet army had already occupied much of eastern and central Europe, claiming its right to â€Å"buffer nations† and using a dying Roosevelt’s agreement at Yalta to justify their domination of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and much of the Balkan region. Very quickly, the Soviet Union began expanding its assisting communist rebels in various nations, and the United States saw a threat not only to its own dominance but also to capitalist economies abroad (many tied to American economic interests). Aware that much of Europe was devastated and impoverished by the war (and thus vulnerable to Soviet influence), the Truman administration actively intervened in European affairs with aid packages like the Marshall Plan, the Truman doctrine (which led to American intervention in Greece and Turkey, where communist insurgents actively sought control and the British were unable to cope), and the creation of NATO as a military response to the Soviets. The Cold War also drove the United States to intervene further in Asia, after the communist takeover in China in 1949 and the outbreak of hostilities between North and South Korea in 1950 (which turned into a sort of proxy war between the United States and China). After a cease-fire halted the Korean conflict in 1953 (indeed, it has not officially ended and American troops remain there in large numbers), the United States followed the policy of containment, initially outlined in 1946 by George Kennan NSC-68 document. Accepting the existence of both the Soviet Union and China, American policy aimed to prevent communist expansion into other nations, particularly the newly-independent Third World nations that had been European colonies before 1945. This often involved behind-the-scenes support of various regimes (sometimes democratic, often authoritarian and repressive) Though Lyndon Johnson framed the Vietnam War in Cold War terms, using the â€Å"domino theory† to argue that halting communism in southeast Asia was pivotally important, the conflict’s roots lay in the mid-1940s, when the Vietnamese declared independence from France and fought an eight-year war for liberation, ending with France’s defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The United States, which began providing aid to France as early as 1950, increasingly viewed Vietnam’s fight to reunify under Ho Chi Minh through the lens of Cold War thinking, and Johnson approached the war as a battle against communist expansion, rather than as a guerrilla war for national liberation and unity. In the Middle East, American interventions generally concerned both the region’s rich oil supplies and the nation of Israel, whose independence the United States recognized within minutes of its declaration in 1948. American support for Israel was motivated in part by Truman’s sympathy for the Jews, given their horrific experiences under Nazism) complicated relations with Arab states and incurred long-lasting Arab mistrust of the United States. In addition, the United States (being the world’s largest oil consumer) was eager to protect the region’s vast oil fields from the Soviets and drove the United States to support dictators such as the Shah of Iran and later Iraq’s Saddam Hussein – with negative consequences in both cases. When communism ended as an international threat, American leadership increasingly viewed Arab extremism as the new threat to its hegemony. The Gulf War of 1990-1991 grew from Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait, which upset the region’s political status quo and jeopardized the West’s access to Kuwaiti oil. The current conflict in Iraq is a continuation of this, as well as an effort to assert American authority in a region which has long regarded the United States with suspicion and disdain. Economic and geopolitical motives were the chief factors behind American interventions abroad after 1940. The United States entered World War II to fight fascist aggression and expansion, while the Cold War was a struggle against both growing communist influence and the resulting threats to global capitalism and Vietnam transformed from efforts to help a colonial power to a Cold War fight. Finally, American activity in the Middle East has been motivated by a desire to keep the region a stable and dependable source of oil, as well as a desire to combat Muslim extremists aiming to undermine American domination. REFERENCES Boyer, Paul S. et al. The Enduring Vision. Third edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Goldfield, David et al. The American Journey. Third edition. Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall, 2005.

Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre †A Story of One Abused Child :: Jane Eyre Essays

Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre – A Story of One Abused Child According to Alexandria’s daily newspaper, The Town Talk, approximately 34,910 cases of suspected child abuse were reported in Louisiana alone last year (Crooks). Charlotte Bronte tells of one victim of child abuse in her novel Jane Eyre. In Jane Eyre, Bronte chronicles the life of Jane, a notoriously plain female in want of love. After being abused, Jane portrays many characteristics which other victims of abuse often portray. Throughout the novel, Jane is reclusive, pessimistic, and self-deprecating. Although Jane does display such traits through most of her life, she is finally able to overcome her past. By facing her abusive aunt, Jane rises above her abuse to become truly happy. In his essay â€Å"Jane Eyre: The Quest for Optimism,† Frederick L. Ashe writes, â€Å"It is hard to imagine anyone learned enough to read Jane Eyre who would consider her first ten years emotionally healthful ones† (Ashe). Ashe, whose criticism appeared in Novels for Students, Volume 4, is correct in his opinion. Jane’s abuse first begins in her own home. Her life until age ten is filled with abuse from her cousin John Reed, the mockery of the household servants, and the physical and mental abuse of her Aunt Reed. John’s first abuse of Jane comes when he throws a heavy book at her head. Bronte writes in Jane’s voice, â€Å"I saw him lift and poise the book and stand in act to hurl it, I instinctively started aside with a cry of alarm: not soon enough, however; the volume was flung, it hit me, and I fell, striking my head against the door and cutting it. The cut bled, the pain was sharp† (Bronte 13). John’s physical abuse of Jane is no t the only abuse she receives, though. After Jane recovers from the abuse bestowed upon her by John, Miss Abbot, a servant, says of Jane, â€Å"If she were a nice, pretty child, one might compassionate her forlornness; but one really cannot care for such a little toad as that† (Bronte 28). Although this abuse pains Jane, it is the abuse of her Aunt Reed that hurts Jane the most. Aunt Reed’s first maltreatment of Jane is on the first page of the novel. Aunt Reed gathers her children around her for a happy family moment. Jane, however, is left alone. Jane says, â€Å"[Aunt Reed] regretted to be

The Cons of Mandatory Marital Counseling

â€Å"Until death do us part† does not hold the meaning or weight that it used to in many marriages.   Divorce rates began to soar in the 1980s and by the early 1990s, the average divorce rate was 50%.   That means that every other marriage ended in divorce.   One reason many believe so many divorces occur is due to the fact that they are too easy to obtain. While this may be true, recent movements to require marital counseling prior to allowing couples to apply for a divorce have raised many questions as to the effectiveness of mandatory marital counseling.   While mandatory marital counseling may seem like a good idea, it is bad for many reasons.   Mandating couples to obtain marital counseling prior to a divorce can raise unrealistic outcomes, obstruct schedules that are already constrained, and take away more freedom of the individual. Many states are trying to pass legislation that would require pre marital counseling as well as several years of counseling before granting a divorce to couples seeking to separate legally.   While counseling may help some work out their problems, this can also lead to unrealistic expectations.   Couples who have been together for several years already know what they can and cannot work out with each other.   They may have tried previous counseling and failed at it. Just offering the counseling does not mean that it is going to work.   Counseling and working through problems can only work if both parties are open to it and wish for it to work.   When one partner is not willing to resolve issues, the other partner may be left with unrealistic expectations that the relationship can be salvaged, when in fact, the promise of counseling is only delaying the inevitable. Marital counseling takes time.   With two people on different schedules who may not even live together, time is constrained enough as it is.   Mandating someone’s time who did not commit a crime is a crime in and of itself.   Wanting a divorce is not a crime, and sentencing couples to seek counseling is like treating them like prisoners.   If one parent has restricted access to the children, this obligation could also cut into his or her already limited parenting time. Mandating marital counseling is a violation of personal freedoms.   It takes away an individual’s choice to make decisions regarding whom to be with.   It forces people who do not want to see each other to spend time together talking about their already troubled relationship.   This type of communication can often lead to more hurt and anger as more secrets are revealed during counseling sessions. Things that were not going to be shared to keep the other party from being further hurt or angered often end up being aired.   What once could have been an amiable parting gets drawn out.   There is no choice but to remain legally married until the sessions are over and the court sees fit to grant a petition for divorce. While counseling can help in some situations, mandating counseling never seems to be a good idea for non criminal activity.   When two people decide to end a marriage, they should be allowed to do so without being mandated by the government.   Forced counseling can provide unrealistic expectations and make separation all the more painful.   Already busy schedules become blocked off with mandatory meeting times with counselors and government has more control over people’s personal freedoms and rights.   Even though the divorce rates are high and don’t seem to be getting any lower, mandating marital counseling is not the answer.   

What Was the Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of four Islamic caliphates and was founded in Arabia after the Prophet Muhammads death. The Umayyads ruled the Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E. Their capital was in the city of Damascus; the founder of the caliphate, Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, had long been the governor of Syria. Originally from Mecca, Muawiya named his dynasty the Sons of Umayya after a common ancestor he shared with the Prophet Muhammad. The Umayyad family had been one of the major combatant clans in the Battle of Badr (624 CE), the decisive battle between Muhammad and his followers on the one hand, and the powerful clans of Mecca on the other. Muawiya triumphed over Ali, the fourth caliph, and Muhammads son-in-law, in 661, and officially founded the new caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate became one of the major political, cultural, and scientific centers of the early medieval world.    The Umayyads also began the process of spreading Islam throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe. They moved into Persia and Central Asia, converting the rulers of key Silk Road oasis cities such as Merv and Sistan.   They also invaded what is now Pakistan, beginning the process of conversion in that area that would continue for centuries. Umayyad troops also crossed Egypt and brought Islam to the Mediterranean coast of Africa, from whence it would disperse south across the Sahara along caravan routes until much of West Africa became Muslim. Finally, the Umayyads waged a series of wars against the Byzantine Empire based in what is now Istanbul. They sought to overthrow this Christian empire in Anatolia and convert the region to Islam; Anatolia would eventually convert, but not for several centuries after the collapse of the Umayyad Dynasty in Asia. Between 685 and 705 CE, the Umayyad Caliphate reached its apex of power and prestige. Its armies conquered areas from Spain the west to Sindh in what is now India. One after another, additional Central Asian cities fell to the Muslim armies - Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezm, Tashkent, and Fergana. This rapidly expanding empire had a postal system, a form of banking based on credit, and some of the most beautiful architecture ever seen. Just when it seemed that the Umayyads truly were poised to rule the world, however, disaster struck. In 717 CE, the Byzantine emperor Leo III led his army to a crushing victory over the Umayyad forces, which had been besieging Constantinople. After 12 months trying to break through the citys defenses, the hungry and exhausted Umayyads had to retreat empty-handed back to Syria. A new caliph, Umar II, tried to reform the financial system of the caliphate by increasing the taxes on Arab Muslims to the same level as taxes on all other non-Arab Muslims. This caused a huge outcry among the Arab faithful, of course, and caused a financial crisis when they refused to pay any taxes at all. Finally, renewed feuding broke out among the various Arab tribes around this time, leaving the Umayyad system tottering. It managed to press on for a few more decades. Umayyad armies got as far into western Europe as France by 732, where they were turned back at the Battle of Tours. In 740, the Byzantines dealt the Umayyads another shattering blow, driving all Arabs from Anatolia. Five years later, the simmering feuds between the Qays and Kalb tribes of Arabs erupted into full-scale war in Syria and Iraq. In 749, religious leaders proclaimed a new caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah, who became the founder of the  Abbasid Caliphate. Under the new caliph, members of the old ruling family were hunted down and executed. One survivor, Abd-ar-Rahman, escaped to Al-Andalus (Spain), where he founded the Emirate (and later Caliphate) of Cordoba. The Umayyad caliphate in Spain survived until 1031.